Course Information Semester Course Code Course Title T+P+L Credit ECTS 2 04521108 Translation Theories 3+0+0 6 6 Course Details Language : Turkish Level : Bachelor's Degree Department / Program : Translation and Interpreting English Mode of Delivery : Face to Face Type : Compulsory Objectives : Determination of the methods of translation appropriate to the nature of the different texts and the realization of the translation activity by using these methods and by using examples of successful and unsuccessful translations. Content : Examination of various translation approaches, types and approaches matching, successful or unsuccessful translation examples, Translation Studies as an interdisciplinary branch of science, translation practices and training in Turkey, concepts and current affairs constitute the course outline. Methods & Techniques : Prerequisites and co-requisities : None Course Coordinator : None Name of Lecturers : Asist Prof.Dr. Abdülkadir Çakır Assistants : None Work Placement(s) : No Recommended or Required Reading Resources : Munday, Jeremy (2016) Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Applications (4th Ed.). New York: Routledge. Mona Baker (ed., 1998) Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, London: RoutledgeVenuti, Lawrence (1995) A History of Translation. London: Routledge.Venuti, Lawrence (2004) The Translation Studies Reader. London: Routledge. Course Category Field 100% In-Term Study Informations In-Term Studies Quantity Percentage Mid-terms 1 40% Final examination 1 60% Total 2 100% Activity Informations Activities Quantity Duration Total Work Load Course Duration 14 3 42 Hours for off-the-c.r.stud 14 3 42 Assignments 2 10 20 Final examination 1 10 10 Total Work Load ECTS: 6 114 Course Learning Outcomes Upon the successful completion of this course, students will be able to: No Learning Outcomes 1 Translates historical, philosophical, psychological, commercial as well as other major types of texts in accordance with genre. 2 Possesses overall competencies required of a competent translator. 3 Writes up translation project and assignment in accordance with Translation Studies. 4 Executes successfully a session of consecutive and simultaneous interpreting. 5 Criticize published translations in view of various translation theories and methods. 6 Demonstrates knowledge of translation theories critically and analytically. 7 Differentiates and labels various types of translation practices and methods in view of theoretical knowledge. 8 Composes translation product from different perspectives through analytic thinking skills. Weekly Detailed Course Contents Week Topics 1 Getting to know students, introduction of course, course requirements, tasks, assessment criteria, course books and materials, online electronic data, birth of translation theories, need for theories, how theories evolved. 2 Notions such as approach, theory, hypothesis, method, procedure and technique are discussed. Necessity of adopting theory, nature of theory and approach, development, practices, applications are investigated. Issue of equivalence across languages and cultures as well as semiotic systems, loss of meaning and compensation strategies, classification of theories are examined. 3 Approaches to translation prior to emergence of linguistics, areas of translation in times before B.C and after, translation practice in the west and East, discussions on the translatability of sacred texts, inferencing theory from practice, literal vs semantic translation, faithful vs creative translation, Cicero, St. Jerome, Horace, Luther. 4 Nature of verbal language, place of language in communication, movements based on linguistics, pioneers of linguistic approach to translation, borrowing, calque, adaptation, semantic loans, unit of translation in terms of word, phrase, sentence, paragraph, texts, Roman Jakobson, Eugene Nida. 5 Popular literal and semantic translation views based on linguistic approach, faithful vs fluent, accurate vs natural and similar dichotomies, Newmark’s views on text types, semantic vs communicative translation, equivalence effect, issue of density, dislocation of sentential elements, rigidity of syntactic structure, Koller’s views on translation equivalence, limitations on movements of phrases in sentences, denotation, connotation, text-normative, pragmatic, formal, aesthetic considerations. 6 Functional theories that take functional linguistics as their starting point, Halliday’s Notional-Functional Grammar, producing functional and contextual translation approach, language use is for a function, context and social reality, cultural conception of reality, contribution of natural signs to the re-production of meaning in ST, transportation of meaning and function, field, tenor, mode, register. 7 Text-linguistics approach, pragmatic approach, Reiss advocating translation of text types according to its functional purpose, text types – informative, expressive, operative – and their translation, Nord and others who proposes functional theories. 8 Vermeer’s functional Skopos theory, that every text is written for a purpose, purpose-driven translation, balance of equivalence and function, functional equivalence, translation as a purposeful activity, samples and applications, reservations, criticism, evaluation of work vis a vis author-work-translation, feelings, facts, readership, sample applications. 9 Cultural approach to translation, verbal language as part of cultural and intercultural communication, that language is inseparable from cultural elements, various theories based on culture, utilization of paralinguistic features in translation, translation across codes/modes/genres/ within one language as well as between languages, relation between culture and semiotics, signs within communication. 10 Semiotic approach, that verbal language is one many sign systems, systems of signs, semiotic communication, inclusion of semiotic elements in TT production, redefining of translation units, revisiting of concept of translatability, advertisement translation, Jakobson, Wittgenstein, Peirce, Eco and others. 11 Invisibility of translator vis a vis foreignization and domestication, merits and criticism of Venuti’s conception, the widespread tendency of replacing SL phrases and idioms with those of TL to make it more readable, publishers’ attitude for the marketing of domesticated or foreignized translation, the reason why Venuti prefers foreignization over domestication and related issues. 12 Scientific descriptive model of translation proposed by Toury, acceptable vs. adequate translation dichotomy, systematicity in translation, demand for development of translation methods and research techniques, oblique vs direct dichotomy of Vinay and Darbelnet, similarities and differences in both frameworks 13 Hermeneutics, as developed by Schleiermacher, possibility of individual to know absolute truth, reflections of translated works whose central tenet is the feelings of common people, prospect of bringing reader closer to the author or vice versa, Hermans, House, Steiner. 14 Classification of investigates theories and approaches, their evaluation with a view to their applicability in translation activities in Turkey, theory criticism, kinds of texts that are subjected to the most widespread translation approach, theory and method, avenues to get to know readership, translator-publisher relationship, marketing the product. Contribution of Learning Outcomes to Programme Outcomes P1P2P3P4P5P6P7P8P9P10P11P12P13P14 All 4 C1 4 C2 3 C3 4 C4 4 C5 4 C6 5 C7 5 bbb
