Course Information Semester Course Code Course Title T+P+L Credit ECTS 3 04531201 Introduction to Linguistics I 3+0+0 5 5 Course Details Language : Turkish Level : Bachelor's Degree Department / Program : Translation and Interpreting English Mode of Delivery : Face to Face Type : Compulsory Objectives : To provide expert information on the nature of language, science of language, linguistics, sounds and phonemes of English, IPA symbols, word structure as well as sentence structure. To enable students to identify how meanings are constructed at morpheme, word, phrase and sentence level. Content : Features of language, grammar, linguistics as a scientific inquiry, schools of linguistics, types of grammar are examined. Properties of sounds, allophones, morphemes, physical properties of sounds, articulatory phonetics, IPA symbols for accurate English pronunciation, vowels, consonants and diphthongs and pronunciation learning are investigated. Stress and intonation, their importance for English communication, ways of making new words as well as comprehension of novel words and structures, comprehension and production of speech, morphological competence, syntactic competence, syntactic theories are introduced. Nature of meaning, sense and reference at word and grammar level are scrutinized. Types of meaning and theories are the final topics covered. Methods & Techniques : Prerequisites and co-requisities : None Course Coordinator : None Name of Lecturers : Prof. Dr. Mehmet Çelik Assistants : None Work Placement(s) : No Recommended or Required Reading Resources : Çelik, M (2007) Linguistics for Students of English I. Ankara: EDM.Halliday, M.A.K. (2003) On language and linguistics. London Continuum.Lyons, J. (1981) Language and linguistics: An introduction. Cambridge: CUP.Roach, P. (2000) English phonetics and phonology. Cambridge: CUP. Finegan, E. & Besnier, N. (1989) Language: its structure and use. San Diego: Harcourt Brace. Semester : Çelik, M (2007) Linguistics for Students of English I. Ankara: EDM. Course Category Field 100% In-Term Study Informations In-Term Studies Quantity Percentage Mid-terms 1 40% Final examination 1 60% Total 2 100% Activity Informations Activities Quantity Duration Total Work Load Course Duration 14 3 42 Hours for off-the-c.r.stud 14 3 42 Assignments 2 20 40 Presentation 5 4 20 Total Work Load ECTS: 5 144 Course Learning Outcomes Upon the successful completion of this course, students will be able to: No Learning Outcomes 1 To enable students to approach the language phenomenon comprehensively. 2 To realize the fact that language is changeable as it is a product of society. 3 To acquire the ability to discriminate between English and Turkish phonemes, show understanding their formation, and be able to pronounce them. 4 To internalize English sounds, phonemes and clusters as well as explain their classification and be able to apply knowledge in communication. 5 To figure out the meaning of complex and coordinate word formations, identify roots and derivational as well as inflectional affixes, be able decide well-formed and ill-formed word structures besides sentence structures. 6 To be cognizant of the fact that every speaker has an internal grammar and that every novel sentence is judged as either ill-formed or well-formed. 7 To master the techniques of comprehending the seemingly ungrammatical sentence structures and be able to transform odd sentence structures into comprehensible ones. 8 To understand that dictionary listed meanings of words and phrases will inevitably undergo change during actual use and communication. Weekly Detailed Course Contents Week Topics 1 INTRODUCTIONCourse introduction, requirements, methods of assessment, how assignments are to be done, books and articles, electronic sources are explained. Significance of examining language for translation purposes, importance of mastering first and second language, the fact that culture is ingrained in language and the only way to have access to cultural is issues is largely through linguistic communication form areas for brainstorming. 2 DEFINITION VS DESCRIPTIONDifficulty of defining human vocal language, language as the object of scientific inquiry, features of language, from personal perspectives to social, grammar, nature of language and linguistics, approaches to language study, schools of linguistics are examined. The emphasis is the variety of approaches to human natural language and the benefits of studying linguistic communication. 3 LINGUISTICSSources of differences in the way language is viewed by various scholars and disciplines, relationship between form and meaning, discrepancies between oral and written language modes, comparison of schools of linguistics, and types of grammar are explained. Synchronic vs diachronic linguistics, historical and contemporary studies, maturation of linguistics in the late 20th century, importance of linguistic discoveries for first and second language learning are discussed and exemplified. 4 VOWELSSounds and sound systems form the visible (audible) aspect of language and thus needs to be scrutinized sufficiently for translation students. Properties of sounds, physical and articulatory aspects of sounds, IPA notation for transcribing phones, allophones and phonemes are introduced. Branches of phonetics, how sounds are articulated, meaning-changing and not-meaning-changings sounds in English and Turkish are the subheadings in this week. 5 CONSONANTSVoicing, place and manner of articulation, assimilation of sounds, sound loss, elision, linking are some the changes is spontaneous speech. Differences between British and American varieties of English in terms of vowels, consonant and IPA representation, sources of disagreement, place and manner of articulation of consonants. Voicing and other issues are examined. 6 INTERACTION OF SOUNDSClassification of sound changes depending on how they cluster in speech, types of such changes, pronunciation of plurals in English as well as verb declensions are discussed and enacted with students. Differences between the two domains of study – phonetics and phonology – segmental phonology, assimilation process in spontaneous speech, rules involved, allomorphy, examination of English plural rule – from samples to rules-, elision, phonotactics, notion of syllable from a phonological perspective are all discussed. 7 PHONOLGY IISuprasegmental phonology, pronunciation at the level of syllable and word, ways of stressing syllables, changes occurring when unstressed, rules of how vowels and consonants cluster, comparison of Turkish and English, misplacement of stress causing misunderstanding, types of sentence stress are investigated with plenty examples. Students are required to demonstrate the skill. Types of stress and tones their capability to modify the purpose of a linguistic message are all discussed in this period. 8 MORPHOLOGY IRelationship between morpheme and words, notion of lexical item, functions of vocabulary for their syntactic categories, mechanisms of neologisms and word production, rules and exceptions and morphological competence are discussed. Significance of parts of speech for morphological analysis, free and bound morphemes and their correspondences in Turkish, open-class, closed-class of morphemes, the flexibility and creativity of language being achieved through derivational processes constitute areas for discussion. 9 MORPHOLOGY IIThe types of processes involved in making new words such as coining, meaning change, compounding, inflectional and derivational processes, productive rules and morphological competence, ways of determining meaning based on samples of occurrences in the lexicon, question of division of morphemes for ambiguous meaning potential. Classification of morphemes in terms of their ability to produce new words as well as conventional ones, the extent to which a rule can apply are examined in reference to Turkish and English. 10 SYNTAX IUnder discussion are nature of sentence, popular conception of grammar and syntax, definitions and descriptions, differences between competence and performance as well as the way they shape linguistic inquiry, competence and performance in 1st and 2nd languages, grammaticality of ill formed sentences, deep and surface structures and how they relate to competence and performance, types of sentences, notion of word order, marked word orders, concept of constituent structure, lexical categories, syntagmatic and paradigmatic structures. 11 SYNTAX IIModern linguistic studies and the influential advances in linguistic theory, Saussure and Chomsky, conception of word order as a mathematical operation, generative grammar, phrase structure rules, operations involved in divisible verb phrases, ambiguity and disambiguation, transformational rules, dependency and particle movement rule, extra-position as a solution to memory span, syntactic competence and literacy are investigated in applied and theoretical manner. Implications of syntactic knowledge for translators are highlighted. 12 SEMANTICS IScope of semantics, its relationship with examined areas of linguistics, form-meaning relation, causes of semantic shifts, types of meanings, primary and secondary meaning development are discussed. Meaning of meaning, theory of signification, denotational theory, componential analysis, mentalist theory, prototype theory, theory of use, types of meaning, literal-non-literal, dialectal-idiolectal, referential-connotative are some of the semantic issues covered. 13 SEMANTICS IIEuphemisms-dysphemisms, compositional-non-compositional meanings, collocational meaning, meaning at lexical and sentential level, hyphonymy, metonymy, synonymy, ambiguity, antonymy, anomaly as well as semantic shifts and the rules that govern them are exemplified both in Turkish and English. When we consider the ultimate objective of linguistic communication is one of conveying meaning, how meaning is compartmentalized and expressed becomes a paramount issue as well as its significance for translation studies. 14 REVIEWHaving covered major issues in micro-linguistics, a synthesis of topics is done not only from linguistic but also communication perspective. The need to complement micro-linguistics is macro-linguistics, which involves pragmatics, discourse analysis, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics as well as neurolinguistics. Contribution of Learning Outcomes to Programme Outcomes P1P2P3P4P5P6P7P8P9P10P11P12P13P14 All 5 C1 2 C2 5 C3 3 C4 4 C5 5 C6 2 C7 4 bbb
